General Information

  • ID:  hor002216
  • Uniprot ID:  P01317
  • Protein name:  Insulin A chain
  • Gene name:  INS
  • Organism:  Bos taurus (Bovine)
  • Family:  Insulin family
  • Source:  animal
  • Expression:  NA
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Bos (genus), Bovinae (subfamily), Bovidae (family), Pecora (infraorder), Ruminantia (suborder), Artiodactyla (order), Laurasiatheria (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005158 insulin receptor binding; GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0005515 protein binding; GO:0042802 identical protein binding
  • GO BP:  GO:0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process; GO:0006006 glucose metabolic process; GO:0007165 signal transduction; GO:0007631 feeding behavior; GO:0009306 protein secretion; GO:0009408 response to heat; GO:0009749 response to glucose; GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression; GO:0031667 response to nutrient levels; GO:0032024 positive regulation of insulin secretion; GO:0032094 response to food; GO:0032099 negative regulation of appetite; GO:0033601 positive regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation; GO:0035025 positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
  • GO CC:  NA

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  GIVEQCCASVCSLYQLENYCN
  • Length:  21
  • Propeptide:  MALWTRLRPLLALLALWPPPPARAFVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKARREVEGPQVGALELAGGPGAGGLEGPPQKRGIVEQCCASVCSLYQLENYCN
  • Signal peptide:  MALWTRLRPLLALLALWPPPPARA
  • Modification:  NA
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
  • Mechanism:  NA
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  INSR
  • Target Unid:  F1MV64
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  6-11
  • Structure ID:  AF-P01317-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor002216_AF2.pdbhor002216_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 269659 Formula: C97H151N25O34S4
Absent amino acids: DFHKMPRTW Common amino acids: C
pI: 3.61 Basic residues: 0
Polar residues: 11 Hydrophobic residues: 6
Hydrophobicity: 31.9 Boman Index: -1435
Half-Life: 30 hour Half-Life Yeast: >20 hour
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 88.1
Instability Index: 701.9 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 3230
Absorbance 280nm: 161.5

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  13032079
  • Title:  The Amino-Acid Sequence in the Glycyl Chain of Insulin. II. The Investigation of Peptides From Enzymic Hydrolysates
  • PubMed ID:  13249947
  • Title:   The Disulphide Bonds of Insulin